Dinosaurs got extinct when a massive comet or asteroid hit Earth. Upon impact the smoke and dust covered the entire globe. The comet itself didn't hit the dinosaurs but rather it was the smoke and dust that blocked sunlight which in turn triggered a series of catastrophic events.
University of California at Berkeley, The K-T Extinction, 1999
In short it was the smoke and dust that blocked the sun and caused the sudden drop in temperature. But it was just smoke (not dust) which caused the acid rain that killed plants and animals. This was known recently, however this was portrayed in the Quran 1400 years before it was discovered. There are mountains in the heaven that have ice inside them; those mountains could fall on Earth making a very bright flash:
Can't you see that Allah makes the clouds move gently, then joins them together, then makes them into a pile? Then you see rain come out from within? And He sends down from heaven mountains with ice inside them; that strike whomever He wishes or miss whoever He wishes; Its flash almost blinds you.
٤٣ أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يُزْجِي سَحَابًا ثُمَّ يُؤَلِّفُ بَيْنَهُ ثُمَّ يَجْعَلُهُ رُكَامًا فَتَرَى الْوَدْقَ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ خِلَالِهِ وَيُنَزِّلُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مِنْ جِبَالٍ فِيهَا مِنْ بَرَدٍ فَيُصِيبُ بِهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَصْرِفُهُ عَنْ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۖ يَكَادُ سَنَا بَرْقِهِ يَذْهَبُ بِالْأَبْصَارِ
Meteores make a very bright flash upon entry into our atmosphere. Rain hits everyone (no exceptions) however the Quran referred to: "mountains that strike whomever He wishes or miss whoever He wishes". Of course, the meteor that killed the dinosaurs was the size of a mountain 10-15 km wide. If we get hit with a meteor the size of a mountain we too will die in a mass extinction. In chapter "The Smoke" the Quran describes the smoke generated on impact:
So watch out for the day when the sky brings prevailing smoke. Enveloping mankind; this is a painful torture.
١٠ فَارْتَقِبْ يَوْمَ تَأْتِي السَّمَاءُ بِدُخَانٍ مُبِينٍ
١١ يَغْشَى النَّاسَ ۖ هَٰذَا عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
"When the sky brings prevailing smoke" followed by "painful torture" today we know that dinosaurs died when the smoke blocked sunlight and caused drop in temperature and acid rain that killed plants and animals.
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