1400 years ago nobody knew how to stop rust; however it was portrayed in the Quran.
If iron is exposed to oxygen and water it will eventually convert to rust and disintegrate.
Rust
Rust is an iron oxide, a usually red oxide formed by the redox reaction of iron and oxygen in the presence of water or air moisture. Several forms of rust are distinguishable both visually and by spectroscopy, and form under different circumstances. Rust consists of hydrated iron(III) oxides Fe2O3.nH2O and iron(III) oxide-hydroxide (FeO(OH), Fe(OH)3).
Prevention
Coatings and painting Rust formation can be controlled with coatings, such as paint, lacquer, varnish, or wax tapes that isolate the iron from the environment.
To prevent rust you have to block the oxygen or water. One of the used methods is to coat the iron. This was known recently, however this was portrayed in the Quran 1400 years before it was discovered. In the story of Thu-Al-Karnain he poured tar over the iron.
Bring me blocks of iron." So that, when he split it equally between the two barriers, he said, "Blow." And having turned it into a fire, he said, "Bring me tar to pour over it."
٩٦ آتُونِي زُبَرَ الْحَدِيدِ ۖ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا سَاوَىٰ بَيْنَ الصَّدَفَيْنِ قَالَ انْفُخُوا ۖ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا جَعَلَهُ نَارًا قَالَ آتُونِي أُفْرِغْ عَلَيْهِ قِطْرًا
He coated the iron with tar. Today we know why, tar prevents oxygen and water from reaching the iron, thus preventing rust.
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